Location: Chicago, Illinois

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Employee Service Center

Work Type: Full Time 

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (8:30AM - 5:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www. rush. edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $34.89 - $50.63 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case. This role has a corresponding incentive plan based on multiple factors. incentive compensation and additional benefits can be found on our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits)

Summary:
Job Summary:
This position oversees the day-to-day management of Employee Lifecycle Team, including Benefits Specialists and the Employee Accommodation and Return-to-Work Coordinator, in Rush’s Employee Service Center (ESC). This position and the team that it leads is responsible for ensuring reliable, accurate, and efficient execution of benefits, employee accommodations, return-to-work programs and employee lifecycle transactions supporting current Rush employees/managers and former Rush employees. The Supervisor provides operational oversight, coaching, and guidance to team members, supporting high-quality service delivery and adherence to established ESC processes and standards. This position enables a best-in-class customer experience through operational oversight of the ESC knowledge management processes and database. The holder of this position will exemplify the Rush mission, vision and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Other information:
Required Job Qualifications:
•Bachelor’s degree or 4 years of experience in Human Resources, Organizational Development, Benefits Administration, Employee Lifecycle, ADA/Leave Management, or Business.
•Prior work experience as a senior HR professional or in a people leadership role in an HR shared services organization.
•Strong human resources functional and professional knowledge, including employee lifecycle processes, benefits, employee accommodations, return-to-work programs, and employee data management.
•Systems thinker with strong analytical skills.
•Proven organizational, project management and people leadership skills.
•Ability to design, carry out analysis, and model business processes.
•Demonstrated history of initiative taking and willingness to take on new work.
•Learning agility and comfort working under conditions of ambiguity.
•Proactive and highly motivated with a professional attitude and ambition.
•Experience with creating a culture of engagement, collaboration and teamwork.
•Ability to multi-task and manage competing priorities.
•Clear and concise written and oral communication skills and a professional demeanor.
•Proficient in Microsoft Excel and Word applications.
•Experience with HRIS systems and functionality.
Preferred Job Qualifications:
•2+ years of experience managing people, preferably in employee lifecycle, benefits, accommodations, or return-to-work operations.
•Hands-on experience using Workday Human Capital Management (HCM) highly desirable.
•Hands-on experience with HR case management platforms such as ServiceNow.
•HR profession certification (e.g., SHRM CP/SCP, HRCI PHR/SPHR)
•Prior process design experience or certifications (e.g., Six Sigma)
•Prior experience leading projects of low to moderate complexity
•Experience working in a high-volume HR operations or employee service center environment.
Physical Demands:
Competencies:
Disclaimer: The above is intended to describe the general content of and requirements for the performance of this job. It is not to be construed as an exhaustive statement of duties, responsibilities or requirements.

Responsibilities:
Job Responsibilities:
•Collaborates with the ESC Operations Leadership Team to implement and continuously improve benefits, accommodation, return-to-work, and employee lifecycle transaction processes, technologies, and knowledge/content.
•Supervises the Employee Lifecycle Team, including Benefits Specialists and the Employee Accommodation and Return-to-Work Coordinator, including but not limited to acquiring and on-boarding talent, establishing work schedules, developing team members, setting goals, and assessing performance.
•Provides effective coaching to team members in the areas of customer service, communication and employee lifecycle best practices, ADA accommodations, and return-to-work programs, resulting in excellent customer service and staff performance
•As a working supervisor, also expected to assist with benefits transactions and employee accommodation/return-to-work processes during periods of high request volume and/or to cover for staff members who are on PTO or otherwise unavailable, as needed.
•Supports efforts to improve and expand benefits, accommodation, and return-to-work services, enhancing quality, efficiency, and consistency across the ESC.
•Contributes to the design and oversees execution of operational processes to ensure ESC knowledgebase and portal content related to benefits, accommodations, and return-to-work is current, accurate, and complete.
•Utilizes metrics, customer feedback, and quality control processes (e.g., root cause analyses, knowledge gap analyses, training needs analyses, critical incident reviews) to ensure reliable, accurate, and efficient execution of employee lifecycle transactions.
•Builds and maintains cooperative working relationships across interdepartmental boundaries while resolving customer and vendor issues, creating and updating procedures and processes resulting in complete documentation for customer issue and request resolution.
•Liaises with Information Services to proactively understand the capabilities of and leverage technology to enhance efficiency, automation, and service delivery within the ESC.
•Provides expertise and support during internal and external employee data audits.
•Stays abreast of current shared services best practices, benchmarks and metrics required for a forward-thinking service delivery model that encourages self-service adoption across the enterprise.
•Maintains up to date knowledge of and ensures compliance with all Federal, State and local employment laws, regulations and requirements, including ADA and applicable leave laws.
•Adheres to and ensures each direct report adheres to all Organizational and Service Center policies and procedures related to the handling of personal and confidential information.
•Perform other duties as assigned.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr-ResFac

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 1

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (8:00:00 AM - 4:30:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $21.61 - $30.53 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:

The Lab Research Assistant II will support the laboratory’s molecular profiling workflows, primarily involving RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, and protein profiling using the Alamar NULISAseq platform. Responsibilities include RNA, DNA, and protein isolation; library preparation, quality control, and sequencing; and assisting with operation of automated liquid handling systems. The Research Assistant will also support cell culture–based experiments and downstream characterization of model systems. Duties include assisting with antibody staining, imaging, and quantitative analysis of cultured cells and organoid systems.

The individual will help maintain laboratory protocols and contribute to the organization of laboratory materials, supplies, and equipment. The position requires strong attention to detail, organization, and the ability to work effectively across multiple ongoing projects.

Other information:
Required Job Qualifications:
•Bachelor's degree with 5 years of laboratory experience required; Master's degree with three years experience preferred.
•Knowledge of both basic and specialized laboratory instruments and software programs. Advanced knowledge of standard experimental design.
•Proficient knowledge of best practice laboratory practice and principles including their application.
•Attention to detail and accuracy.
•Strong oral and written communication.
•Strong analytic skills.
Disclaimer:
The above is intended to describe the general content of and requirements for the performance of this job. It is not to be construed as an exhaustive statement of duties, responsibilities or requirements.

Responsibilities:
•Under direction of Principal Investigator (PI) and/or scientist conducts both specialized and complex research procedures and experiments.
•Processes specimens and performs detailed manual test. The range of test types and specialization will vary based on the size and type of laboratory.
•Analyze and interpret results for research samples such as cell lines, body fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue samples, and records findings.
•Operate sophisticated laboratory equipment. Use automated equipment and computerized instruments capable of performing a number of tests at the same time.
•Follow good laboratory safety practices and comply with safety protocols. Demonstrates and trains other lab staff in proper use and operation of laboratory techniques and equipment.
•Log data and experiment results in laboratory notebooks and discuss with researcher and team.
•Recommend protocol and experiment modifications. May assist in protocol development.
•Uses independent judgement in applying or adapting scientific techniques. Documents results, recommend procedure/protocol revisions to address.
•May prioritize lab assignments, delegate procedures, and train less experienced staff.
•Develop data exhibits for publication or manuscripts including creation of graphics and other research related diagrams.
•May conduct literature review and prepare summary for investigators as requested.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Security

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 2

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (2:30:00 PM - 11:00:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range:  $21.70- $24.24 per hour

Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:
Under the general supervision of a Security Supervisor, the armed Security Officer will provide physical protection for persons and safeguarding of property on the Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) Campus. The security officer will report and document infractions of rules, regulations and policies of RUMC; and violations of federal, state and local laws and/or ordinances. The security officer will exemplify the RUMC missions, visions and values and act in accordance with RUMC policies and procedures.

Other information:
Knowledge:

• High school graduate or GED.

• Must possess/maintain a valid Permanent Employee Registration Card (PERC) from the Illinois Department of

Finance and Professional Regulation (IDFPR) after successfully completing a 20-hour security guard training course

from an approved provider.

• Must possess/maintain a valid Illinois Firearm’s Owner’s Identification Card (FOID) as issued by the Illinois State

Police.

• Must have successfully completed a 28-hour firearms training course (including revolver) from a State of Illinois

approved provider within two (2) years of the Firearms Control Card (FCC) application, or the applicant must show

proof on the FCC application of requalification with the last year at the time of application.

• Must be eligible to obtain/maintain an Illinois FCC from the IDFPR within 90 days of employment (including

revolver certification).

• Must maintain a satisfactory firearms requalification score as mandated by the IDFPR.

• Valid Illinois, Indiana, or Wisconsin driver’s license required with a prior driving record deemed acceptable to

Human Resources pursuant to a driver’s history check.

• Excellent verbal and written communication skills and customer service.

• Basic computer skills are essential.

• Must be flexible with scheduling.

Preferred Job Qualifications:

• Prior security experience in a healthcare environment.

• Healthcare security certification at the “basic” level by the International Association of Healthcare Security and

Safety (IAHSS).

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certified.

Physical Demands:

• Able to tolerate prolonged walking/standing/sitting for the duration of shift.

• Able to withstand outdoor temperatures throughout the year.

• Able to perform required responsibilities.

• Able to successfully demonstrate the retention, use and maintenance of issued equipment.

• Able to lift at minimum 50 pounds to the waist height.

• Able to wear all issued equipment including ballistic vest and duty belt.

Disclaimer:
The above is intended to describe the general contents of and requirements for the performance of this job and is not to be construed as an exhaustive statement of duties, responsibilities or requirements.

Responsibilities:
1.Provide fixed, walking and vehicular patrols of all RUMC buildings and grounds.
2.Perform Security Services Dispatch functions.
3.Conduct basic interviews and investigations.
4.Observe and document security and safety hazards.
5.Prepare incident reports, memorandums and other written documentation.
6.Assists local police agencies during investigations or emergencies.
7.Monitor and assist with access control and visitor management.
8.Controls and enforces vehicular and pedestrian traffic patterns in the Medical Center as assigned.
9.Provides security escort services as assigned.
10.Participates in property control procedures (accepts, records, stores, returns, or releases to authorized persons).
11.Responds to emergency situations (i.e. Code Red, Blue, Code Triage, Code Orange, etc.).
12.Performs other duties as assigned.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location:Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit:Rush Medical Center

Hospital:Rush University Medical Center

Department:11 W Tower- NSICU

Work Type:Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 1

Work Schedule:8 Hr (7:00:00 AM - 3:30:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at ourRush benefits page(https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range:$51.26 - $81.64 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:
The Clinical Specialist RN is an advanced practice nurse with knowledge in a specialized area of nursing who promotes quality patient care through an integrated role of practice, education, administration and research. The Clinical Nurse Specialist exemplifies the Rush mission, vision, and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Other information:
Required Job Qualifications:
1. Current state of Illinois Registered Nurse licensure required.
2. Current state of Illinois Advanced Practice Nurse- Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist licensure required.
3. Graduate from an accredited CNS educational program with a Masters or Doctoral nursing degree.
4. The CNS’s education and specialty board certification must correlate with the job role, setting, responsibility and patient population.
5. BLS validation required.
Skills:
1. A high level of analytical ability is required.
2. Demonstrate skills at the level of an advanced practice nurse in leadership, communication, collaboration, mentoring, and change as evidenced by portfolio, recommendation letters, references, interview, and demonstration.
3. Demonstrate ability at the level of an advanced practice nurse to utilize evidence to develop, teach, guide and implement practice standards and policies.
4. Computer skills using various applications: Internet, e-mail, word programs and databases.
Abilities:
1. Work requires the ability to walk throughout the Medical Center and to be standing or walking most of the day
2. Work requires lifting or carrying objects 35-40 lbs. and lifting and positioning patients, some of whom may exceed 300 lbs.
3. The ability to check documents for errors, use a keyboard to enter or retrieve data, and closely examine specimen, images or reports is required.
4. Work conditions include performing procedures where carelessness could result in injury or illness and/or contact with potentially infectious materials and/or strong chemical agents.
Disclaimer:
The above is intended to describe the general content of and requirements for the performance of this job. It is not to be construed as an exhaustive statement of duties, responsibilities or requirements.

Responsibilities:
PLANS THE DELIVERY OF NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS IN COORDINATION WITH THE HEALTHCARE TEAM
1. Provides consultation in the assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of individualized patient care for specific patients and their families, based on patients' growth and development needs.
2. Functions as a role model in the clinical setting.
3. Promotes optimal resource utilization.
4. Collaborates with patients/families, nursing staff, and other members of the health care team in meeting patient/family learning needs.
SUPPORTS COORDINATION OF PATIENT CARE
5. Promotes continuity of care by working collaboratively with the interdisciplinary team, utilizing knowledge of the range of treatments available for patients.
6. Participates in case management activities as negotiated with unit leadership.
EVALUATES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PATIENT CARE
7. Supports quality improvement activities related to patient care that may include active involvement in the staff evaluation process as well as corrective actions.
8. Participates with the multidisciplinary team regarding program development and evaluation.
9. Participates, as appropriate, in studies conducted by nurses and multidisciplinary researchers.
PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING STAFF
10. Develops, conducts, and participates in formal and informal staff development programs in area of expertise.
11. Contributes to development of policies, procedures, protocols, and/or patient educational materials as appropriate in area of expertise.
12. Participates in academic programs, as negotiated.
13. Utilizes and disseminates evidence based practice and research findings.
14. This position description may also include advanced practice nurses certified as nurse practitioners (NPs) who DO NOT hold core privileges. NPs working under this CNS position description WILL NOT: Initiate referrals to physicians or other healthcare professionals; interpret diagnostic tests; obtain consents for treatment; obtain history & physical; order and perform consults; order blood and blood products; order diagnostic testing and therapeutic modalities; order pharmacological agents diagnose based upon history & physical exam & clinical findings; order/initiate tests, treatments and interventions; prescribe medications; write admission, discharge or transfer orders and corresponding plans of care.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Emergency Room-ER - Tower

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 3

Work Schedule: 12 Hr (7:00:00 PM - 7:00:00 AM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $40.05 - $61.28 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

$5K sign on bonus!

Summary:
The RN 2 is a competent nurse who has mastered technical skills. The RN 2 identifies patterns of patient responses and can use past experiences to implement solutions for current situations. The RN 2 continues to consult with other members of the health care team when the need for assistance is identified. The RN 2 exemplifies the Rush mission, vision and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Other information:
Qualifications Knowledge:
1.Current State of Illinois Registered Nurse licensure required.
2.Maintain current BLS certification.
3.Earned nursing degree at the baccalaureate level or higher (except RN1s hired and already working at Rush University Medical Center before October, 2012). All transfers from other Rush entities must have an earned nursing degree at the baccalaureate level or higher prior to transfer into Rush University Medical Center or Rush University Medical Group.
a.May accept Associates Degree in Nursing (ADN) effective 1/9/23 up until approved number of ADN hires by Chief Nursing Officer is met with the following stipulations:
i.Baccalaureate degree must be earned within timeframe outlined in the ADN Condition of Employment.
ii.All Conditions of Employment as outline in Offer Letter must be met. Failure to do so will result in termination.
Skills:
1.Analytical ability is required.
2.Communication skills are required in order to lead and teach.
3.Ability to interact effectively with others in difficult situations.
Abilities:
1.Work requires the ability to walk throughout the Medical Center and to be standing or walking most of the designated shift.
2.Work requires lifting or carrying objects 35-40lbs. and lifting and positioning patients, some of whom may exceed 300 lbs.
3.The ability to check documents for errors, use a keyboard to enter or retrieve data, and closely examine specimens, images or reports is required.
4.Work conditions include performing procedures where carelessness could result in injury or illness and/or contact with potentially infectious materials and/or strong chemical agents.

Responsibilities:
1.Participates in the collection of data to support unit based quality initiatives, research and evidence based activities.
2.Utilizes system wide resources to support decision making and action.
3.Recognizes patterns/groupings of problems in a specific patient population that require investigation and initiates actions to
address.
4.Communicates current evidence-based information with peers.
5.Establishes a caring, therapeutic relationship with patients and families through effective communication, acknowledgement of
patient/family perceptions of health and illness and mutual goal setting for optimal outcomes.
6.Collaborates consistently and effectively with other disciplines and services to meet the needs of patients/families.
7.Utilizes competent assessment skills to holistically evaluate the physical and psychosocial needs of patients and families.
8.Demonstrates the ability to prioritize care for complex patients based on knowledge acquired from previous clinical experiences.
9.Recognizes changes in patient status and consistently responds effectively.
10.Demonstrates consistent safe and effective use of medical devices in the delivery of patient care.
11.Demonstrates accountability for implementing policies related to safe and effective administration of medications.
12.Assesses patient safety needs consistently and implements appropriate strategies (fall precautions, infection control, suicide
risk patient identification) to minimize risk.
13.Individualizes teaching plans based on a thorough assessment to meet the learning needs of patients and families.
14.Demonstrates the ability to provide education to staff and students on the unit.
15.Demonstrates beginning leadership skills related to patient care.
16.Delegates effectively and consistently to optimize patient outcomes.
17.Demonstrates accountability for own professional practice, including progress toward achievement of annual goals.
18. Other duties as assigned.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Group

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology 

Nephrology – Clinical Faculty/Physician

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, IL

Rush University Medical Center, a nationally recognized clinical and academic institution and the teaching hospital for Rush Medical and Nursing Colleges, invites applications from board-certified nephrologists for a per diem position.

Department/Division specifics:

· Division Size:

o 16 Faculty (3 General Nephrology, 1 Interventional Nephrology, 1 Onco-Nephrologist, 2 Transplant Nephrology, 5 Private Practice, 4 Research)

o 1 Advanced Practice Provider

o 6 General Nephrology Fellowship positions (3 fellows per year – all positions filled for incoming class)

· Collaboration with multiple service lines (Heart and Vascular, Cancer, and Transplant) as well as other subspecialties (e. g. critical care, endocrinology, general internal medicine, geriatric medicine, hospital medicine, interventional radiology, obstetrics, rheumatology, palliative care, and surgery)

· US News and World Reports: Rush University Medical Center is rated High Performing in the following procedures and conditions related to Nephrology: Kidney Failure

Responsibilities:

· The per diem (PRN) Nephrologist will support outpatient nephrology services. Scheduling is based on departmental needs and physician availability, with no guaranteed minimum hours. This role offers flexibility while allowing the physician to maintain active clinical practice.

· The per diem Nephrologist will be expected to have broad skills in clinical nephrology, including but not limited to the renal care of dialysis patients, outpatient general nephrology, with an emphasis on outpatient and care of post-transplant patients with chronic kidney disease.

· Additional duties include education and mentoring of nephrology fellows, house officers and medical students.

Requirements:

· Strong written and verbal communication skills, evidence of excellence in nephrology clinical practice.

· Familiarity with the EPIC electronic health record

· The applicant is expected to be board certified in Nephrology and have completed an ACGME accredited fellowship in Nephrology.

· The candidate is expected to meet the highest standards of professionalism and collegiality.

· Active Illinois medical license or eligibility to obtain one is required.

Rush University System for Health is an academic health system integrating patient care, education, research, and community partnerships to improve health in diverse communities.

Rush includes Rush University Medical Center, Rush University (2,500+ students across medical, nursing, and health sciences colleges), Rush Copley Medical Center, Rush Oak Park Hospital, and regional outpatient facilities.

Rush is recognized for clinical excellence, earning placement on U.S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals Honor Roll 2025-2026 (top 20 of 5,000+ hospitals evaluated). The system received Vizient's Quality Leadership Award, ranking within the top ten among 99 academic medical centers for the 13th consecutive year.

All three hospitals earned LGBTQ Healthcare Equality Leader designation, and Rush has been named a "Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion" for six consecutive years.

Rush is committed to health equity, particularly addressing the 16-year life expectancy gap between Chicago's Loop and West Side. As the largest West Side employer, Rush implements an Anchor Mission strategy through local hiring, investing, sourcing, and volunteering. The system has invested over $6 million on the West Side since 2018 while continuing to provide excellent patient care for all.

Rush offers competitive total compensation that includes base pay, benefits, and other incentive programs for our employees. The total pay range shown reflects the wide range of factors that are considered in making compensation decisions including, but not limited to, knowledge and skills; relevant experience and training; education, certifications, and licensure; primary work location; and other business and organizational factors. This total pay range is for a full-time, 1.0 FTE employee, and includes any incentive payments that may be applicable to this role, as well as additional compensation such as sign-on and retention bonuses and relocation allowances. Opportunities for increased compensation based on exceeding productivity targets. We also offer a comprehensive benefits package.

Pay Range: $115.00 - $130.00 per hour

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits, learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Join Rush and become part of one of the nation’s best healthcare systems.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois / Remote

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Rev Cycle & Pt Flow IT Servs

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 1

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (8:00:00 AM - 5:00:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $34.61 - $51.57 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:

Join our team as an Epic Application Analyst – Professional Billing (PB) and play a critical role in supporting and optimizing key Revenue Cycle operations. In this position, you will design, build, and enhance Epic Professional Billing (PB / Resolute PB) applications that drive accurate charge capture, claims processing, reimbursement, and denial reduction.

As an Epic PB Analyst, you will collaborate with clinical, operational, and technical stakeholders to analyze workflows, gather requirements, and deliver Epic build, configuration, and system enhancements. You’ll support both day-to-day production support, issue resolution, and system optimization, as well as strategic initiatives aimed at improving financial performance and operational efficiency.

This role is ideal for an experienced Epic professional with Epic certification(s) and hands-on experience in Professional Billing workflows, revenue cycle processes, and healthcare financial systems. You’ll leverage your expertise in Epic build, testing, upgrades, and end-user support while working in a collaborative, fast-paced healthcare environment.

If you’re passionate about improving Epic PB systems, driving revenue cycle performance, and delivering high-quality solutions that impact patient care and financial outcomes, we encourage you to apply. The selected candidate exemplifies the Rush mission, vision and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Responsibilities:

• Plans, designs, implements, maintain, and provide ongoing optimization and support for Epic clinical applications.
• Performs workflow assessments, capture business needs, and analyze internal systems to determine functional requirements for optimal utilization of Epic applications.
• Works within cross-functional team and with end-users to achieve application integration to meet clinical needs.
• Performs builds, upgrades, and system enhancements as needed.
• Supports applications throughout all phases of implementation.
• Delivers post-implementation training, support, troubleshooting, and maintenance.
• Configures vendor applications and products.
• Maintains system documentation and develops system specifications and procedures.
• Defines and documents user requirements.
• Applies project planning and project management methodologies.
• Coordinates and leads short duration projects; monitoring project process, progress and results.
• Develops test plans, prepares test data and performs system testing.
• Provides on-site user support during implementations.
• Takes on-call for system application support at scheduled times.
• Audits data entered by end users.
• Troubleshoots and tracks issues and problems.
• Applies systems development methodology to solve problems.
• Handles multiple assignments simultaneously.
• Other duties as assigned.

Required Job Qualifications:

• Bachelor’s degree.
• 3 years of Epic application experience.
• An Associate degree and five (5) years of epic application experience will be accepted in lieu of a Bachelor’s.
• Epic certification(s).
• Demonstrated ability to effectively utilize system tools to meet functionality needs of users including proficiency with information systems technology such as Microsoft Office Products.
• Experienced planning and organizing day-to-day activities, effectively managing more than one task, and meeting established deadlines.
• Experienced in leading projects, providing expert consultative guidance and direction on change initiatives, effectively dedicating time across more than one project, and meeting established deadlines.
• Experience leading meetings between business stakeholders, technical resources, and third parties for business requirements and technical solutions.
• Experienced working with a diverse, multi-disciplinary team, and interacting with all levels of the organization.
• Detail oriented, strong analytical, organizational, and problem solving skills.
• Excellent oral and written communication skills with technical and clinical audiences.
• Ability to troubleshoot, research, and solve technically challenging problems involving integrated systems.

Preferred Job Qualifications:

• Experience working in a hospital or other health care organization.
• Current Epic Professional Billing certification.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences

Work Type: Full Time

Supportive Oncology Clinical Psychologist – Clinical Faculty

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, IL

Rush University System for Health, a national leader in outstanding patient care, education, research, community partnerships and empowering a new generation of health care providers, invites applications for the position of Clinical Psychologist, with RUSH MD Anderson Cancer Center at Rush University Medical Center.

Rush University System for Health and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have partnered to create RUSH MD Anderson Cancer Center. The partnership represents advanced clinical and operational integration in the delivery of cancer care, providing Rush patients with greater access to cancer treatments and research considered among the best in the world.

About Supportive Oncology:

•  Core program within the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, fully integrated into the Rush University Cancer Center
• Multidisciplinary services to enhance health and well-being for cancer patients and their loved ones across the entire care continuum
• Integral part of Comprehensive Care Beyond Cancer, including Supportive Oncology, High Risk, Survivorship, and Medical Subspecialties
• Current offerings include:

• Committed to innovative, collaborative, and compassionate care that:

       o Decreases distress and improves quality of life using tailored, evidence-informed practices

       o Reduces symptom burden from cancer or its treatment

       o Connects patients to needed support through program growth and strong community partnerships

• Strong culture of diversity, inclusion, and advancing equity in healthcare

Position Highlights:

• Core member of Cancer Center multidisciplinary teams
• Provide psychological evaluation and intervention for patients and families in inpatient and ambulatory care settings
• Direct support to medical teams in inpatient and ambulatory cancer care settings
• Ample opportunities for:

Ideal Candidate:

• Doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD) in Clinical Psychology from an APA-accredited program
• Eligible for Illinois psychology license
• Strong clinical skills in psycho-oncology or health psychology with medical populations (e. g. , cardiology, transplant, oncology preferred)
• High potential for and interest in conducting research
• Passion for compassionate, patient-centered care in a collaborative academic medical setting

We welcome applications from candidates committed to excellence in clinical care, program innovation, and advancing psychosocial support for people affected by cancer.

Rush University System for Health is an academic health system integrating patient care, education, research, and community partnerships to improve health in diverse communities.

Rush includes Rush University Medical Center, Rush University (2,500+ students across medical, nursing, and health sciences colleges), Rush Copley Medical Center, Rush Oak Park Hospital, and regional outpatient facilities.

Rush is recognized for clinical excellence, earning placement on U.S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals Honor Roll 2025-2026 (top 50 of 5,000+ hospitals evaluated). The system received Vizient's Quality Leadership Award, ranking within the top ten among 99 academic medical centers for the 13th consecutive year.

All three hospitals earned LGBTQ Healthcare Equality Leader designation, and Rush has been named a "Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion" for six consecutive years.

Rush is committed to health equity, particularly addressing the 16-year life expectancy gap between Chicago's Loop and West Side. As the largest West Side employer, Rush implements an Anchor Mission strategy through local hiring, investing, sourcing, and volunteering. The system has invested over $6 million on the West Side since 2018 while continuing to provide excellent patient care for all.

Rush offers competitive total compensation that includes base pay, benefits, and other incentive programs for our employees. The total pay range shown reflects the wide range of factors that are considered in making compensation decisions including, but not limited to, knowledge and skills; relevant experience and training; education, certifications, and licensure; primary work location; and other business and organizational factors. This total pay range is for a full-time, 1.0 FTE employee, and includes any incentive payments that may be applicable to this role, as well as additional compensation such as sign-on and retention bonuses and relocation allowances. Opportunities for increased compensation based on exceeding productivity targets. We also offer a comprehensive benefits package.

Pay Range: $115,233 - $172,012

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Group

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: CVT Surgery Vascular

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 1

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (8:00:00 AM - 4:00:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $19.50 - $28.00 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:
The Vascular Surgery Research Associate will support a broad range of clinical and academic research projects within the Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery. This role is primarily focused on coordinating clinical trials, including patient screening, recruitment, and follow-up, and involves contributing to departmental research activities such as data collection, analysis, and manuscript development.
The Research Associate will work closely with faculty on both prospective and retrospective, outcome-based studies, including investigator-initiated, industry-sponsored, and NIH-funded trials. The role includes active collaboration with VS providers and fellows.
A background in statistical analysis is preferred. The ideal candidate will demonstrate strong organizational, analytical, and communication skills and will embody the mission, vision, and values of Rush University Medical Center while adhering to all institutional policies and research compliance standards

Required Job Qualifications:

• Master’s Degree
• Background in statistical analysis is preferred
• Prior experience in clinical research or academic research environment preferred
• Knowledge of clinical trial processes, regulatory requirements, and IRB protocol
• Excellent communication, organizational, and mentoring skills
• Strong analytical skills and proficiency in data analysis tools is a plus.
• Ability to work for 8 hours daily in hospital and ambulatory clinic and computer based setting.

Responsibilities:

• Mentoring medical students
• Screening, consenting and data entry for clinical trials
• Ideas on Artificial Intelligence applications in Vascular Surgery and work on projects that would amplify AI applications in the field.
• Data collection on retrospective outcome-based research
• Statistical analysis of data
• Prepare abstracts and manuscripts
• Grant writing

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Anesthesia

Work Type: Full Time 

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) - Obstetrics

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago (Downtown)

Rush University Medical Center, a nationally recognized clinical and academic institution and the teaching hospital for Rush Medical and Nursing Colleges, located in downtown Chicago, invites applications for the position of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) - Obstetrics.

· We are seeking a skilled and compassionate Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) to

administer intravenous, inhalation, and regional anesthetics to render persons insensible to pain during obstetrical deliveries and Caesarean section.

· The CRNA will function under the medical direction of the anesthesiologist regarding pre-anesthetic, anesthetic and post-anesthetic patient management.

· Sign-on bonuses up to $30,000 for full-time position.

Work-Life Schedule:

· Shift: 6PM-6AM

· Schedule: Monday - Sunday

· Number of ORs: 3; L&D: 15

· No call requirement

Key Responsibilities:

· Conduct pre-anesthesia assessments and develop tailored anesthesia care plans.

· Administer anesthesia (general, regional, or monitored anesthesia care) in collaboration with Anesthesiologist.

· Monitor patients during procedures and manage any anesthesia-related complications.

· Provide post-anesthesia care and pain management.

· Maintain accurate documentation in accordance with hospital policies and regulatory standards

Position Qualifications Include:

· At least 1 year of experience as a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist

· Current Illinois CRNA license

· Certification as a Registered Nurse Anesthetist by the National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists

· Current IL RN/APN license.

· CPR and ACLS.

Benefits:

· Rush offers competitive pay with regular reviews and performance-based raises thereafter.

· Rush matches 100% of the employee’s contribution to their tradition retirement savings fund, up to 6% of pay deferred into the plan.

· 457(b) plan open to CRNAs - this equates to an additional sum of tax-deferred savings equivalent and in addition to the yearly limit for your 403(b).

· Comprehensive medical, dental, disability, flex-spending, and vision benefits. Other benefits available such as parental leave and disability leave benefits, which would include 100% salary continuation immediately upon birth of your child or experiencing disability.

· $50,000 fertility benefit to cover fertility- related treatments

· Time Off: 208 hours per year of paid time-off are offered to full-time CRNAs in addition to our 7 recognized paid holidays. Part-time CRNAs receive pro-rated time-off based on their FTE. All your hours are available to utilize once you start working, you do not have to accrue time.

· Education: $2,000 per year for continuing medical education is available for CRNAs, as well as $1,500 every three years for maintenance of licenses and certifications in addition to one workweek off per year for seminars/professional meetings. Rush also hosts weekly grand rounds that counts for one class "A" CEU-free. Additionally, every day precepting an SRNA counts as a class "B" credit.

Rush University System for Health is an academic health system integrating patient care, education, research, and community partnerships to improve health in diverse communities.

Rush includes Rush University Medical Center, Rush University (2,500+ students across medical, nursing, and health sciences colleges), Rush Oak Park Hospital, and regional outpatient facilities.  

Rush is recognized for clinical excellence, earning placement on U. S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals Honor Roll 2025-2026 (top 20 of 5,000+ hospitals evaluated). The system received Vizient's Quality Leadership Award, ranking within the top ten among 99 academic medical centers for the 13th consecutive year. 

All three hospitals earned LGBTQ Healthcare Equality Leader designation, and Rush has been named a "Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion" for six consecutive years. 

Rush is committed to health equity, particularly addressing the 16-year life expectancy gap between Chicago's Loop and West Side. As the largest West Side employer, Rush implements an Anchor Mission strategy through local hiring, investing, sourcing, and volunteering. The system has invested over $6 million on the West Side since 2018 while continuing to provide excellent patient care for all.

Rush offers competitive total compensation that includes base pay, benefits, and other incentive programs for our employees. The total pay range shown reflects the wide range of factors that are considered in making compensation decisions including, but not limited to, specialty; relevant experience and training; and other business and organizational factors. This total pay range is for a full-time, 1.0 FTE employee, and includes any incentive payments that may be applicable to this role. Additional compensation may include premium pay rates, sign-on bonuses, and relocation allowances. We also offer a comprehensive benefits package.

Pay Range: $385,000 - $485,000

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits, learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Join Rush and become part of one of the nation’s best healthcare systems.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: PBC University Hepat

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE between 0. 9 and 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 1

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (8:00:00 AM - 5:00:00 PM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www.rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $47.09 - $84.29 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:
The Supervisor, Ambulatory RN assists the departmental and clinic leadership in providing administrative and clinical leadership during shifts. The Supervisor plans and manages team members and resources to provide the highest quality patient care with trained, professional, and competent team members in the most cost-effective manner. The Supervisor oversees operational efficiency and utilization of labor resources of the assigned shift in collaboration with departmental leadership. The Supervisor exemplifies the Rush mission, vision, and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Other information:
Required Job Qualifications:
•Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Nursing from an accredited nursing program required.
•Current State of Illinois RN licensure required.
•A minimum of three years of experience as a Registered Nurse.
•BLS/CPR certification required.
•Analytical ability.
•Communication skills are required to lead and teach.
•Ability to interact effectively with others in difficult situations.
•Ability to work effectively as a team member.
•Ability to promote positive working relationships and team-building skills.
•Ability to participate in an on-call rotation.
•Work requires the ability to walk throughout the Medical Center and to be standing or walking most of the designated shift.
•Work requires carrying heavy objects 35-40 lbs. and lifting and positioning patients, some of whom may exceed 300 lbs.
•Ability to check documents for errors, to use a keyboard to enter or retrieve data, and closely examine specimens, images, or reports is required.
•Work conditions include performing procedures where carelessness could result in injury or illness and/or contact with potentially infectious materials and/or strong chemical agents.
Preferred Job Qualifications:
•At least two years of experience as Registered Nurse working in a medical/surgical area.
•National certification.

Responsibilities:
•Establishes a caring, therapeutic relationship with patients and families through effective communication, acknowledgement of patient/family perceptions of health and illness and mutual goal setting for optimal patient experience and outcomes.
•Solicits feedback on customer needs by performing ongoing assessments and rounding and shares findings offering suggestions for improvement. Customers include patients, visitors, physicians, and staff.
•Maintains positive, professional relationships with all members of the healthcare team through effective communication, mutual support and respect.
•Collaborates and communicates consistently and effectively with other disciplines and services to meet the needs of patients/families.
•Utilizes evidence-based ambulatory care nursing interventions during clinical visits, telephone encounters, and electronic communications according to state regulations, regulatory agency standards and organizational policies and procedures.
•Communicates current evidence-based strategies, standards of care and protocols with peers.
•Participates in and contributes to system and clinic based quality initiatives, research, development of care protocols and evidence based activities that improve patient care and outcomes.
•Works with teams to develop, implement and track results of quality improvement activities contributing to overall quality of care and regulatory requirements.
•Demonstrates accountability for implementing policies related to safe and effective administration of medications, the use of medical devices in the delivery of patient care and in the performance of patient procedures.
•Applies the teaching- learning process to meet the learning and self-management needs of patients and families.
•Assesses patient safety needs and implements appropriate strategies to minimize risk during clinical visits, telephone encounters and electronic communications.
•Recognizes changes in patient status and consistently responds effectively to optimize patient outcomes.
•Recognizes patterns and problems in a specific patient population that require evaluation.
•Demonstrates the ability to prioritize care for complex patients based on knowledge acquired from previous clinical experiences.
•Utilizes competent assessment skills to holistically evaluate the physical and psychosocial needs of patients and families throughout the care continuum.
•Critically analyzes patient cases and effectively adapts the plan of care.
•Establishes regular communication patterns that facilitate the transition of care for patients and families across settings.
•Understands departmental productivity measures and uses monitoring, data reports, technology and assessment tools to align staffing to clinical needs
•Demonstrates accountability for own professional practice, including progress toward achievement of annual goals.
•Participates in and/or leads daily safety and capacity huddles
•Supports clinic goals and change initiatives and participates in nursing shared governance.
•Collaborates with other clinic personnel to ensure task completion to consistently optimize patient outcomes.
•Provides education to staff and/or students in the clinic.
•Establishes course of action for self and others to ensure that work is completed effectively and efficiently
•Provides timely guidance and feedback to help others strengthen specific knowledge/skill areas needed to develop, accomplish a task, or solve a problem.
•Uses appropriate methods to help build a cohesive team; facilitating the completion of team goals.
•Creates staffing schedules with lead staff to ensure coverage is maintained to meet clinical care needs
•Manages team of direct reports and provides develop plans and discipline when needed. Responsible for annual reviews of staff
•Assists in conflict resolution through communication of concerns to management.
•Assists clinic management with the management of clinic productivity and staffing to meet budgetary targets while ensuring safe patient care
•Identifies and purses opportunities for own self-improvement and leadership development including participation in hospital committees and projects, and attending internal and external conferences.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Business Unit: Rush Medical Center

Hospital: Rush University Medical Center

Department: Diag Srvcs-X-Ray

Work Type: Full Time (Total FTE 1. 0)

Shift: Shift 3

Work Schedule: 8 Hr (11:00 PM - 7:30 AM)

Rush offers exceptional rewards and benefits learn more at our Rush benefits page (https://www. rush.edu/rush-careers/employee-benefits).

Pay Range: $27.47 - $43.27 per hour
Rush salaries are determined by many factors including, but not limited to, education, job-related experience and skills, as well as internal equity and industry specific market data. The pay range for each role reflects Rush’s anticipated wage or salary reasonably expected to be offered for the position. Offers may vary depending on the circumstances of each case.

Summary:
Provides quality patient care in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Applies knowledge of the modality to produce quality diagnostic images. Exemplifies the Rush mission, vision and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures including complying with all Rush University Medical Center Customer Service Standards. Exemplifies the Rush mission, vision and values and acts in accordance with Rush policies and procedures.

Required Job Qualifications:
•Formal training in an accredited Radiologic Technology Program.
•Valid Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) license.
•Registry or Registry-eligible with the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.
•Proficient in modality physics and operation of equipment.
•Knowledge of human anatomy, pathology and physiology.
•Demonstrates good interpersonal and communication skills and ability to work in a team-oriented environment.
•LEVEL 1JC (Job #2381): Radiography registry - Proficient in basic X-ray exams.
•LEVEL 2JC (Job #2383): Proficient in 2 modalities: Meets Level 1 requirements AND proficient in OPERATING ROOM X-RAY OR GI-FLUORO OR ECG OR PHLEBOTOMY OR CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR.
•LEVEL 3JC (Job #2386): Proficient in 3 modalities; meets Level 2 requirements AND proficient in OPERATING ROOM X-RAY OR GI-FLUORO OR ECG OR PHLEBOTOMY OR CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR.
•LEVEL 4JC (Job #3383): Proficient in 4 modalities; meets Level 3 requirements AND proficient in OPERATING ROOM X-RAY OR GI-FLUORO OR ECG OR PHLEBOTOMY OR CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR.
Physical Demands:
•Requires full range body motion including handling and lifting patients when necessary.
•Requires manual and finger dexterity and eye-hand coordination.

Responsibilities:
1. Provides quality patient care as defined by departmental and Age Specific standards of care.
2. Maintains patient privacy and confidentiality.
3. Follows departmental protocols and procedures in the performance of exams and produces work that meets quality standards.
4. Produces work in an efficient manner that meets departmental productivity standards.
5. Maintains the physical work environment in a manner that meets departmental and regulatory requirements.
6. Has a working knowledge of the imaging systems, Radiology Information System and PACS.
7. Reports supply shortage or equipment failure to section supervisor.
8. Follows work and patient schedules.
9. Assist Radiologist in the performance of procedures.
10. Handles, administers and documents medications under the supervision of a radiologist and following the guidelines of the Rush Pharmacy and technical licensure.
11. Maintains logs and documentation as per departmental protocol.
12. Provides patient history or information necessary for proper interpretation of the procedure.
13. Maintains licensure/registry status as determined by state or regulatory bodies.
14. Participates in the training and development of students assigned to area through clinical affiliations.

Rush is an equal opportunity employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics.